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MEMS microphones have emerged as a bright spot among consumer sensors, which in general are going through a rapid commoditization and profit-squeezing trend.
To understand what’s driving the MEMS microphone market, consider that the Apple iPhone 7 and 7S each has 4 MEMS microphones. As reported by System Plus Consulting, the latest iPhones have “a front-facing top microphone, presumably for FaceTime and speakerphone capabilities, two front-facing bottom microphones located at the bottom-front of the device, used for voice commands and voice calls, and a rear-facing top microphone for video recording and noise cancellation” – and all these different use cases have different requirements. It is not surprising therefore that Apple has 3 MEMS microphone suppliers: Knowles, STMicroelectronics, and Goertek. This bright spot has gained industry-wide attention, as evidenced by a report in EE Times that MEMS microphones are one of the next platforms that TSMC will offer.
Coventor is participating in this industry trend through engagements with a growing number of MEMS IDM’s and fabless/foundry partners. Our MEMS design automation products, CoventorWare® and MEMS+®, have multiple use cases for microphone designers. First, let’s say you understand the microphone market well and have a target set of product specifications, which typically include frequency range, sensitivity, Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR), distortion, power consumption, package size, etc. How do you design the device multiphysics – complex interactions between the mechanical, electrical, and fluidic domains – to realize these specifications? Second, let’s say you have a good MEMS structure that transduces audio input to a variable capacitance, how do you collaborate with readout ASIC designers to ensure the device output – analog or voltage –meets the product specification? How do you capture the design in GDSII and run DRC, and what are process variation impacts? What are the impacts from packaging? How do you test? In other words, will your product be successful at a system integration level? Coventor’s MEMS design automation products can help you answer these questions.
CoventorWare is a full-FEA (finite element analysis) tool, which has been used by our MEMS customers for nearly two decades and has particular value for MEMS capacitive sensors including MEMS capacitive microphones. A sensing mode analysis for a MEMS microphone is shown in Figure 1.
Figure 1: CoventorWare provides gold standard accuracy for MEMS multiphysics. Left illustration: Full-FEA model of a microphone; because of symmetry, only a quarter is modeled for computational efficiency. Right illustration: Simulated sensing mode, diaphragm deformation; this modal result determines the microphone’s frequency range and sensitivity. For illustration purposes, the z-axis is scaled by 20 times.
MEMS+ is a compact-FEA tool that not only solves multiphysics systems at speeds roughly 100X faster than conventional FEA, but also produces models that can simulate in Cadence® tools for ASIC design, and MathWorks® tools for system-level design. Figures 2a and 2b show a MEMS+ microphone model embedded in a Cadence schematic, which is used to simulate the microphone’s sensitivity and noise density, and therefore SNR.
Figure 2a: MEMS+ microphone model in a Cadence schematic
Figure 2b: Simulated noise density of the microphone using MEMS+ microphone model (analysis in Cadence Virtuoso)
These are introductory examples of how to use CoventorWare for microphone device multiphysics and MEMS+ for microphone SNR prediction. If you’re working on a MEMS microphone design, please visit our MEMS Microphone Design page or contact us to learn more about how our tools can help you.
![Fig. 2. Silicon spin qubit centered in the dotted circle, control and readout signals (M, P, R, T, and Q) are shown in the inset. Simplified schematics of the quantum point contact and corollary circuits are shown. The voltage source is implemented as a digital-to-analog converter at room temperature. (Taken from [6])](https://www.coventor.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Fig.-2.-Silicon-spin-qubit-centered-in-the-dotted-circle-control-and-readout.png)
![Figure 2: Schematic view of standard CMOS including an electro-mechanical switch monolithically integrated into BEOL [2]. Courtesy: University of California, Berkeley](https://www.coventor.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/Figure-2-April-2022-MEMS-Blog-for-Coventor-website.png)
